The seismic performance of pile foundations for high-rise buildings on liquefiable ground has always been a hot topic in disaster prevention and mitigation engineering. Therefore, this paper conducts a large-scale centrifuge shaking table test on the dynamic response of the liquefiable ground-pile raft foundation-high-rise building structure system, and establishes a three-dimensional numerical model based on the STKO software. By comparing the soil excess pore water pressure ratio, soil acceleration, upper building structure acceleration and pile foundation bending moment, etc., the correctness and effectiveness of the numerical model are verified. Based on the verified numerical model, El-Centro seismic waves with different peak accelerations are input to explore the influence law of different seismic intensities on the dynamic response of the upper building structure and pile foundation. The results show that the ground liquefaction develops from shallow to deep, the shallower the burial depth, the higher the liquefaction degree, and the greater the acceleration attenuation amplitude; soil liquefaction plays a certain damping role for the upper building; the acceleration amplification effect of the upper building is obvious under small earthquakes, and the peak acceleration at the top of the building gradually increases with the increase of the peak value of the seismic wave. Under medium and strong earthquakes, due to the influence of soil liquefaction, the amplification factor of the peak acceleration is significantly reduced, but still greater than 1; under small earthquakes, a large bending moment value will appear at the top of the pile, and with the increase of the peak value of the seismic wave, the peak bending moment point of the pile body moves downward. Under strong earthquakes, the bending moment at the middle position of the pile body is reduced due to the proximity to the inflection point. The peak bending moments of corner piles, edge piles and middle piles all occur near the interface between the liquefiable layer and the non-liquefiable layer.