Near-fault Ground Motion Synthesis and the Induced Seismic Response of RC Bridge Structures
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摘要: 基于四阶连续小波变换的脉冲识别方法分析近断层地震动速度脉冲特性，利用分解-叠加法纳入方向性效应脉冲等低频速度脉冲成分，考虑断层距、断层类型、地震矩、震源深度、品质因子Q和高频衰减因子kappa等参数随机性，在动力学拐角频率随机有限断层法的基础上，融合近断层地震动的低频速度脉冲特性建立完整的近场脉冲型地震动模拟模型。在EXSIM方法基础上，引入速度脉冲叠加模型，综合考虑复杂断层破裂动力学过程、地震波传播路径非线性效应，以及近场区域地震动特有的低频速度脉冲特性，对近断层强地震动物理机制进行多维度表征。本文以1999年9月21日MW 7.6台湾集集地震为例，验证该方法的正确性。然后，将模拟近断层地震动和实测地震动记录分别输入RC梁桥有限元模型中进行结构动力响应分析，验证该方法在结构地震反应分析中的适用性。结果表明：以动力学拐角频率随机有限断层法为基础，所改进的近场脉冲型地震动模拟结果与实测记录匹配良好，能有效反映近断层地震作用下RC梁桥的破坏特性，可作为近断层桥梁抗震设计的参考。Abstract: The characteristics of near-fault ground motion velocity pulse are analyzed based on the pulse identification method of fourth-order continuous wavelet transform. The low-frequency velocity pulse components such as directional effect pulse are included by the factory-stacking method, and the randomness of fault distance, fault type, seismic moment, source depth, quality factor Q and high-frequency attenuation factor kappa are considered. Based on the dynamic corner frequency random finite fault method, a complete near-field pulse ground motion simulation model is established by integrating the low-frequency velocity pulse characteristics of near-fault ground motion. Building upon the EXSIM method, this approach incorporates a velocity pulse superposition model to holistically characterize near-fault strong ground motion mechanisms through multidimensional physical modeling. It integrates complex fault rupture dynamics, nonlinear seismic wave propagation effects, and near-field low-frequency velocity pulse characteristics.The Jiji earthquake (Mw7.6) on September 21, 1999 was taken as an example to verify the correctness of the proposed method. Then, the simulated near-fault ground motion and the measured ground motion records are input into the finite element model of RC beam bridge respectively to analyze the structural dynamic response, and the applicability of this method in structural seismic response analysis is verified. The results show that the improved near-field pulse ground motion simulation results on the basis of dynamic corner frequency random finite fault method match well with the measured records, and can effectively reflect the failure characteristics of RC beam Bridges under near-fault earthquake action, and can be used as a reference for seismic design of Bridges near fault.
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图 2 脉冲型近场地震动PGV、PGD随断层距变化规律
Figure 2. The variation of PGV and PGD of pulse- type ground motion with fault distance
图 4 四种合成地震动与实测地震动时程曲线对比
Figure 4. Comparison between the four synthetic ground motions and the measured ground motions time history curve
图 5 4组合成地震动与实测地震动频谱特性对比
Figure 5. Comparison of four sets of synthetic ground motions with recorded ground motion spectral characteristics
图 6 桥梁有限元模型及其参数
Figure 6. Schematic representation of the FE model of the target bridge
图 7 主梁前四阶振型分析图
Figure 7. Analysis diagram of the first four order vibration modes of the main beam
表 1 地震脉冲型地震动识别结果
Table 1. Recognition result of seismic pulse type ground motion
地震动分类 地震动编号 脉冲周期
Tpulse/s断层距
R/km峰值地面速度
PGV/（cm‧s−1）脉冲因子
PI原信号17%能量点
t17%,orig/s类脉冲5%能量点
t5%,likepulse/s分类 近场地震动 RSN1182 2.570 9.76 59.45 1.596 34.004 33.176 脉冲型 RSN1184 / 19.96 24.55 −7.226 36.476 31.896 非脉冲型 RSN1193 6.650 9.62 65.43 4.179 32.315 32.125 脉冲型 RSN1244 5.341 9.94 110.99 23.900 37.550 36.925 脉冲型 RSN1246 / 18.02 66.85 −2.092 45.504 48.928 非脉冲型 RSN1480 5.383 19.83 64.41 12.544 44.245 43.860 脉冲型 RSN1482 9.331 19.89 58.96 5.424 43.590 42.465 脉冲型 RSN1486 8.043 16.74 31.93 2.628 36.510 35.850 脉冲型 RSN1491 10.381 7.64 54.07 4.076 32.540 27.640 脉冲型 RSN1496 8.939 10.48 46.20 2.367 32.215 27.865 脉冲型 RSN1497 / 11.83 50.10 2.488 45.210 49.575 非脉冲型 RSN1498 7.784 17.11 65.29 6.018 42.890 41.365 脉冲型 RSN1501 6.552 9.78 80.46 7.670 40.310 39.385 脉冲型 RSN1502 8.456 16.59 55.26 3.089 42.385 39.905 脉冲型 RSN1506 / 19.00 61.34 −3.916 50.090 57.095 非脉冲型 RSN1519 10.395 6.98 46.41 6.957 36.090 34.275 脉冲型 RSN1530 8.687 6.08 68.45 13.200 38.355 34.690 脉冲型 RSN1531 7.189 12.87 57.20 2.663 40.655 39.515 脉冲型 RSN1548 9.023 13.13 62.87 10.479 42.195 38.280 脉冲型 RSN1550 8.882 8.27 62.71 10.908 38.844 35.248 脉冲型 中远场地震动 RSN1185 / 59.04 15.59 −9.659 46.376 111.692 非脉冲型 RSN1189 / 59.09 19.78 −6.703 50.156 46.480 非脉冲型 RSN1190 / 50.53 7.16 −6.279 34.196 34.784 非脉冲型 RSN1191 / 64.15 7.03 −6.914 42.348 40.532 非脉冲型 RSN1192 / 81.28 9.01 −7.940 43.872 76.484 非脉冲型 RSN1196 / 41.99 21.25 −6.641 42.140 42.960 非脉冲型 RSN1207 / 55.13 19.55 −5.127 48.360 61.325 非脉冲型 RSN1210 / 44.76 7.73 −6.914 43.105 42.750 非脉冲型 RSN1214 / 56.93 5.36 −7.265 40.220 40.245 非脉冲型 RSN1215 / 59.80 14.30 −7.472 45.885 57.770 非脉冲型 
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表 2 基于动力学拐角频率的随机有限断层模型参数
Table 2. Stochastic finite fault model parameters based on dynamic corner frequency
参数 取值 文献 断层尺寸/km 100×32 （陈文山，2018） 子断层尺寸/km 5×4 （陈文山，2018） 震源深度/km 8.0 （Hanks等，2002；王亮等，2016） 矩震级MW 7.6 （章文波等，2010） 地震矩M0/（dyne‧cm） 2.82×1027 （徐龙军等，2024） 应力降/bar 50 （Motazedian等，2005） 介质密度/（g/cm2） 2.8 （Motazedian等，2005） 高频衰减因子kappa /s 0.035 （毛岚等，2024） 品质因子Q（f） 171‧f 0.7 （章文波等，2010） 窗函数 Saragoni-Hart （Saragoni等，1973） 剪切波速β/（km/s） 3.7 （Motazedian等，2005） 破裂速度/（km/s） 0.8β （Motazedian等，2005） 几何扩散函数 1/R，（R≤70 km）
1/R0，（70 km<R<130 km）
1/R0.5，（R≥130 km）（Beresnev等，1998；Motazedian等，2005） 剪切模量/（dyne/cm2） 3.1×1011 （Motazedian等，2005） 滑动位错分布 随机分布 （Motazedian等，2005） 地壳放大系数 Boore-Joyner普通岩石场地模型 （Boore，2003） 地震动路径持时/s T0+0.05R （Motazedian等，2005） 脉冲比例 50% （Motazedian等，2005）
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