Investigation and Analysis of the Seismic Resistance Capacity of Structures in Northeastern Sichuan Region
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摘要: 四川东北区域包含南充、达州、巴中等市，被龙门山等多条断裂带包围。为进一步评估和掌握四川东北区域村镇建筑物抗震能力现状。本研究对位于四川省东北部区域的7市37个调查点的村镇建筑物进行了现场调查分析。结合调查资料、无人机航拍及单栋抽样详查等方法，本文分析了调查区域内乡镇与农村建筑的分布差异性，总结了4种结构类型（木结构、砖木结构、砖混结构、底框结构）在抗震措施、建筑特点、建筑材料、分布情况等方面的信息，并结合实际震害资料分析其抗震薄弱环节，以期对四川东北区域村镇建筑的防震减灾工作提供理论支持。其中，老旧木结构和砖木结构几乎未设置抗震构造措施，抗震能力较差；早期砖混结构与底框结构均未按规范设置圈梁和构造柱，且悬挑和出屋面构件往往缺乏锚固措施，抗震性能薄弱。在遭遇当地基本设防烈度地震作用时，这些建筑极易受到破坏，抗震能力现状不容乐观。Abstract: The northeastern region of Sichuan Province includes cities such as Nanchong, Dazhou, and Bazhong, which are surrounded by multiple fault zones, including the Longmenshan Fault. To further evaluate and understand the current seismic performance of rural buildings in this region, this study conducted on-site investigations and analyses of village buildings across 37 survey points in 7 cities in northeastern Sichuan. By combining survey data, drone aerial photography, and detailed sampling of individual buildings, this paper analyzes the distribution differences between rural and town buildings in the surveyed area. It summarizes information on four structural types (wooden structures, brick-wood structures, brick-concrete structures, and bottom-frame structures) in terms of seismic measures, architectural characteristics, building materials, and distribution patterns. Additionally, the study identifies seismic vulnerabilities by referencing actual earthquake damage data, aiming to provide theoretical support for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction efforts for rural buildings in northeastern Sichuan. Among the findings, older wooden and brick-wood structures were found to have almost no seismic reinforcement measures, resulting in poor seismic performance. Early brick-concrete and bottom-frame structures also lacked seismic measures such as ring beams and structural columns as required by codes, and their cantilevered and roof components often lacked proper anchoring, making them highly vulnerable to damage under the local basic seismic intensity. The current state of seismic performance in these buildings is concerning.
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图 1 四川东北区域调查点分布图
Figure 1. Distribution map of survey points in northeastern Sichuan region
图 2 村镇建筑抗震能力调查技术路线图
Figure 2. Technical route map for seismic resistance capacity investigation of rural and town buildings
图 3 村镇建筑分布差异
Figure 3. The distribution differences of buildings in villages and towns
图 4 村镇不同结构类型占比
Figure 4. The distribution differences of structures in villages and towns
图 5 达州市清水溪村现存穿斗木结构
Figure 5. The existing Chuadou-type timber frame in Qingshuixi village, Dazhou city
图 6 资阳市木结构示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the structure of Ziyang city's wood structures
图 7 四川东北区域村镇砖木结构构造特征
Figure 7. Structural characteristics of brick-wood structures in villages and towns in Northeastern Sichuan
图 8 四川东北区域典型砖混结构示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of typical brick-concrete structures in Northeastern Sichuan
图 9 四川东北区域村镇不同时期典型砖混结构
Figure 9. Typical brick-concrete structures of different eras in the Northeastern Sichuan
图 10 四川东北区域临街底框结构
Figure 10. The bottom reinforced concrete frame structures of the street in the Northeastern Sichuan
图 15 遂宁市青龙村在建砖混结构
Figure 15. The under-construction brick-concrete structure in Qinglong village, Suining city
图 16 泸定6.8级地震底部框架破坏
Figure 16. Bottom reinforced concrete frame structures damage caused by the MS 6.8 Luding earthquake
图 17 底框结构上部砌体抗震缺陷
Figure 17. Seismic defects of masonry in the upper part of the bottom reinforced concrete frame structures
表 1 砖混结构不同年代构造差异及占比
Table 1. Differences in construction and their proportions of brick-concrete structures in different ages
年代 楼板材料 屋顶 圈梁、构造柱 屋顶材料 屋架与山墙连接方式 占比/% 2000年前 预制板 双坡屋顶 — 小青瓦 硬山搁檩 17.9 2000—2008年 预制板 双坡屋顶 有地圈梁，部分设有构造柱 琉璃瓦 硬山搁檩 66.3 2008年后 现浇楼板 平屋顶 层层圈梁，设有构造柱 现浇混凝土 — 15.8 
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表 2 底框结构抗震构造特点变化
Table 2. The seismic construction characteristics of the bottom reinforced concrete frame structures have changed
建造时间 承建方 基础类型 构造柱 圈梁 围护墙厚/mm 承重墙厚/mm 楼板 屋盖类型 2008年以前 居民自建 独立基础结合条形基础 无 设有地圈梁，无层层圈梁 180 180 预制板 平屋顶/坡屋顶 2008年以后 开发商承建或公建 独立基础 有 层层圈梁 180、240 240 现浇板 平屋顶
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表 3 不同结构类型在各烈度区破坏特征对比
Table 3. Comparison of failure characteristics of different structural types in each intensity zone
结构类型 VI度区 Ⅶ度区 Ⅷ度区 Ⅸ度区及以上 木结构 屋顶溜瓦 围护结构出现裂缝，部分外闪 榫卯失效，檩条椽子有断裂，围护墙体产生贯通裂缝或局部坍塌 大面积严重破坏，榫卯失效，屋盖墙体分离，围护结构倒塌 砖木结构 梭瓦和掉瓦，少数屋架倾斜 轻微破坏，少量严重破坏，墙角门窗周边墙体出现裂缝 中等至严重破坏，墙体裂缝普遍发育，部分倒塌 多数结构整体失效，基本表现为墙倒屋塌 砖混结构 — 结构完好，墙体轻微裂缝 轻微到中等破坏，墙体有明显贯通和交叉裂缝 墙体大规模开裂，承重构件部分严重损坏，出屋面构件普遍倒塌 底框结构 — 底部框架受损较轻，部分底部填充墙出现轻微裂缝。上部砌体出现交叉和贯穿性斜裂缝。出屋面构件有严重开裂或闪断现象 底层部分填充墙倒塌，部分梁柱节点受损，产生倾斜甚至坍塌
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