Coseismic Deformation and Fault Slip Distribution of the 2023 Morocco Mw 6.8 Earthquake Observed by InSAR
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摘要: 2023年9月9日在摩洛哥高阿特拉斯山脉发生MW 6.8地震，造成约
3000 人死亡，5000 多人受伤。该区域处于阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅地震带，是一个地壳变形活跃的区域，长期受到板块碰撞和断层活动的影响。为了研究此次地震的同震变形特征与机制，本文基于InSAR技术处理升降轨SAR资料，并开展了模型反演研究。InSAR同震形变场结果显示，此次地震以垂向变形为主，是一次典型的逆冲型地震，视线向地表最大相对位移约为15～20 cm；同震位错反演结果显示，断层滑动主要集中在15～35 km深度范围，最大滑动量为1.13 m，且集中在约23 km深度处。累积地震矩为2.2×1019 N·m，矩震级为6.8级。本文研究揭示了此次地震同震变形与断层滑动分布，丰富了缓慢变形山区的强震震例，为地震破坏正演模型提供了基础，并为研究巨大灾害损失成因提供了支持。Abstract: On September 9, 2023,The MW 6.8 earthquake occurred in the High Altas Mountains of Morocco. Approximately3000 people were killed and more than5000 others were injured. This area is locatedin the Alpine-Himalayan belt and is a region with active crustal deformation, having been long influenced by plate collisions and fault activities. In view of the coseismic deformation characteristics and mechanism of the earthquake, this paper utilizes InSAR technology to process ascending and descending SAR data, and carried out model inversion research. The principal results include: (1) InSAR coseismic deformation field show that this earthquake is mainly characterized by vertical deformation resulting from a typical thrust rupture, and the maximum relative displacement of the line of sight of InSAR on the surface is about 15 – 20 cm; (2) Coseismic dislocations show that fault slip is mainly concentrated in the depth range of 15 – 35 km, with a maximum value of 1.13 m and the maximum slip concentrated at a depth of 23 km. Meanwhile, the cumulative seismic moment is 2.2×1019 Nm. The moment magnitude is 6.8. Through this study, on the one hand, the co-seismic deformation and fault slip distribution of this earthquake are revealed, which enricates the examples of strong earthquakes in the slowly deformed mountainous area; on the other hand, the research results can provide a model basis for the forward modeling of earthquake damage and provide support for the research on the causes of huge disaster losses.1)1 2https://www.cenc.ac.cn/earthquake-manage-publish-web/designated-catalogue 2)2 3https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000kufc/finite-fault 3)3 https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000 kufc/finite-fault -
图 1 摩洛哥地震构造背景和InSAR观测数据分布
Figure 1. Seismic tectonic background and InSAR observation data distribution in study region. The red beach ball represents the focal mechanism of the 2023 MW 6.8 Moroccan earthquake
图 2 2023年摩洛哥地震InSAR干涉相位、同震形变场和形变剖面
Figure 2. InSAR interferometric phase, coseismic deformation field, and deformation profile of the 2023 Moroccan earthquake
图 3 InSAR观测形变场、模拟形变场与残差分布图
Figure 3. InSAR observation, simulation and residual coseismic distribution field
图 4 2023年摩洛哥MW 6.8地震同震滑动分布[4]
Figure 4. The 2 D and 3 D coseismic slip distribution of the MW 6.8 earthquake in Morocco in 2023
表 1 InSAR干涉影像数据信息
Table 1. InSAR interferometric image data information
卫星 轨道号 飞行方向 波长/cm 主影像 辅影像 空间基线/m 时间基线/d Sentinel-1A T45 升轨 5.6 20230822 20230915 20 12 T52 降轨 5.6 20230904 20230916 28 12 T154 降轨 5.6 20230830 20230911 47 12 
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表 2 2023摩洛哥MW 6.8地震震源机制解
Table 2. Source mechanism solution of the 2023 Morocco MW 6.8 earthquake
震中 节面信息 信息来源 纬度/°N 西经/°E 震源深度/km 震级/MW 走向/° 倾角/° 滑动角/° 美国地质调查局 31.058 171.615 19.0 6.8 251 69 69 中国地震局台网中心 31.00 171.45 10.0 6.9 128 25 136 260 73 72
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表 3 断层模型模拟形变场残差
Table 3. Fault model simulation of residual deformation field
轨道号 残差均值/cm 标准差/cm 均方根误差/cm 升轨（T45） −0.09 1.29 1.29 降轨（T52） −0.50 0.90 1.03 降轨（T154） 0.83 0.98 1.29
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